According to a recent study, “badly tuned” cars and trucks are huge polluters. Though they makeup just one quarter of the vehicles on the road, they’re responsible for most vehicular air pollution. 

Air pollution is linked to a host of health ailments, many of which can be fatal. From asthma in children to heart disease, cancer, and overall increased rates of premature death in adults — the problem is worth public attention, especially in places with particularly poor air quality. And the new study found that controlling the problem may be easier than we first thought, considering that just 25 percent of cars on the road are responsible for a whopping 90 percent of vehicular air pollution.

According to the study, published in the journal Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, “badly tuned” cars are responsible for most of the air pollution. Researchers at the University of Toronto looked at 100,000 cars as they drove past air sampling probes on one of Toronto’s major roads.

The study found that 95 percent of black carbon, also known as soot, 93 percent of carbon monoxide, and 76 percent of volatile organic chemicals (like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes), were caused by just one quarter of cars on the road. Volatile organic compounds are often carcinogenic.

“We used to think that living near a major road meant that you lived near a lot of air pollution,” Greg Evans, a chemical engineer at University of Toronto said in a statement. “But what we’re finding is that it’s not that simple, someone living right on a major road in the suburbs may not be exposed to as much pollution as someone living downtown on a side street near many major roads.”

Evans and his team found that policy changes need to better target cars that are causing the majority of the air pollution.

“The ultrafine particles are particularly troubling,” says Evans. “Because they are over 1,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair, they have a greater ability to penetrate deeper within the lung and travel in the body.”

The researchers also found that building roadways near those that are particularly vulnerable to air pollution is also problematic. Busy roadways near schools, hospitals, daycare centers, and senior residences may put people at risk to some of the health problems associated with poor air quality.

“The most surprising thing we found was how broad the range of emissions was,” says Evans. “As we looked at the exhaust coming out of individual vehicles, we saw so many variations. How you drive, hard acceleration, age of the vehicle, how the car is maintained – these are things we can influence that can all have an effect on pollution.”

Unless we see smog in our everyday lives, we often forget about the impact of poorly tuned vehicles, but this research is a good reminder that air pollution can take its toll and poorly maintained cars can have a larger effect than we ever could have imagined.

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Image of car exhaust from Shuttershock

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Did you know that regardless of the vehicle you drive, there are ways to drive more efficiently that can yield big savings over the course of a year? This means savings not only in your pocket from the gas spared, but savings on the resources of the planet and less pollution in the place we all live.

As you can see from the graph below, vehicle miles driven have steadily increased over the years. With that growth comes an increasing impact of our driving habits on our planet, which makes now a better time than ever to practice driving more efficiently.

In fact, driving efficiently has even spawned its own sport, called “hypermiling.” With the payout in hypermiling techniques including less consumption and less pollution, it is no wonder that the term was selected in 2008 as the best new word of the year by New Oxford American Dictionary.

While we are not advocating that everyone become a MPG sport competitor, there are things that we all can do to save fuel. We’ve rounded up some of our favorite ways that everyone can test drive to drive greener.

Controlled Accelerations

By accelerating slowly and steadily to our cruising speed, we let the vehicle work more efficiently at becoming an object in motion from an object at rest. If we gun the gas and try to get to speed quickly, then we stand the greater chance of needing to slow down again, losing all of that momentum.

Empty Out The Trunk

An extra 100 pounds in the trunk will reduce your fuel economy by 1 to 2 percent in the typical vehicle. Edmunds

So you’re still carrying around that camping gear from last summer in the trunk, and the golf clubs have taken up permanent residence in the back seat? For each and every extra pound you carry, you pay the price to accelerate it and slow it back down each time you drive. By cutting down on the extra unneeded junk in the trunk, we save all that energy required to drive it around town.

Turn Off The Air Conditioning

It has been suggested that air conditioning in a vehicle can increase fuel consumption by up to 10 percent. This is an easy way to save fuel. And just imagine if you suddenly had 10 percent of all the money you spent in gasoline last year in your hand?

Keep the Vehicle Maintained

It is important that a vehicle gets serviced at regular intervals. Dirty oil is not only bad for your vehicle, but it requires more energy to work an engine through sludge. Also, maintenance can save you from having large repair bills down the road. Not to mention that a non-serviced vehicle may leave you stranded on that road when it suddenly fails. Vehicle maintenance saves money, saves the environment, and could save you from being stuck in the middle of nowheres-ville.

Lose the Clown Shoes

Driving footwear must have a sole thin enough to feel the amount of pedal pressure needed to meet the necessary braking and accelerating. One of the most important tools you have in driving greener is making the connection between your foot and the response of the car. A big shoe with a few inches of padding removes the sensitivity of the foot, making that connection harder to make. Is it any wonder that race car drivers like wearing extremely thin-soled shoes?

Keep the Vehicle Streamlined

A vehicle that moves through the air more efficiently takes less energy to push, and this translates to less fuel consumption. One good way to do this is to keep the windows rolled up. Open windows create drag, and drag cuts fuel economy. The same can be said of sunroofs at highway speeds.

Another way to keep the vehicle streamlined is to remove those roof and bike racks when not in use. Such racks interrupt the flow of air, creating drag. Another thing to consider is that the racks add weight to the vehicle, again costing more in energy to move the vehicle.

Finally, if your vehicle tends to look like it has won the mud bog championships, then give it a bath. An irregular surface from caked mud and dirt can create drag as well. Plus, you will actually know what color the vehicle is instead of just guessing.

Slow down

In a typical family sedan, every 10 miles per hour you drive over 60 is like the price of gasoline going up about 54 cents a gallon. CNN Money

The faster your vehicle moves through the air, the greater drag it creates in the surrounding air. By slowing down, the vehicle encounters less resistance and uses less energy for the same amount of work. A reduction of 20-mph in your regular highway speed can yield measurable savings in a short time.

Coasting To a Stop

When you see a red light or stop sign coming up, then let of the gas and coast to the stop instead of remaining accelerated and hitting the brakes when you get there. By doing so you not only save gas, but your brakes get less of a workout. You save money in both gas and brake replacement, and the planet saves on valuable resources.

Know when to use Cruise Control

Cruise control can be a valuable tool on the highway to maintain a steady speed (and to save from speeding), but it lacks the tools that you have in your head. That is, cruise control does not see the hill looming up ahead. Instead it will coast until you are halfway up the hill and slowing down, then it nails the throttle, demanding that the vehicle speed increases.

By anticipating the hills and valleys you can drive more efficiently by slightly increasing the vehicle speed as required to climb the hill without a major loss of momentum. In areas where the roads tend to be up and down or crowded it makes more sense to turn off the cruise control and drive smarter.

And as you are driving smarter, keep looking ahead to anticipate events that require changes to your vehicle momentum. You might anticipate the need to decelerate in order to coast to a needed stop, and it makes for a safer driving experience.

Choose the Best route

It is interesting to note that the most efficient route to take in your driving may not be the shortest. Basically you want as smooth a trip as possible while being relatively short, and you want to avoid as much stop and go scenarios as you can.

If you are doing multiple chores, then consider driving the longest leg first. This lets a warm vehicle be used for the bulk of the stopping and restarting, which is more efficient at it than a cold one.

Turn It Off

If you are stopped on the road for an extended period of time – such as a train passing, road construction, or an accident – then consider turning the vehicle off after 20 seconds or more. This saves the idle time fuel as well as potentially saves you vehicle from overheating. Plus it stops the emissions from the idling vehicle, which is always nicer for our planet.

Avoid the Drive Thru

A fast food drive thru requires you to waste fuel as you wait in line for the pickup. But parking the vehicle and walking in you save that fuel. Plus, the trip in to eat might be safer than the alternative, even if you were only sneaking a few fries from the bag.

Check Your Air Pressure

Properly inflated tires can reduce fuel consumption by up to 3 percent WikiHow

This a commonly known item to check, but it gets overlooked. A low tire creates more drag on the pavement, and consequently reduces your miles per gallon. By keeping your tires properly inflated your vehicle literally rolls more efficiently. Please do bear in mind that excessive air pressure in tires is dangerous and should be avoided as well.

Make Driving Count

One of the best ways to drive greener is to, simply put, not drive. By combining chores to a single trip it can save greatly on the fuel requirements as well as saving your valuable time. Plus it is less wear and tear on the vehicle itself, and it makes the roads less crowded for everyone. It’s a win-win for everybody.

Make It a Game

Make saving gas a game. Track fuel used or miles driven this week, and see if you can beat it next week. Set goals for yourself along with rewards. You can even involve your friends and have a weekly or monthly Green Driver award. Nobody said that being a smarter driver had to be boring.

By following a few of these tips along with others, you may find you can have both a direct savings for yourself and a healthier planet for everyone. It’s not often where saving money helps in the long run, but that is the great thing about conservation.

Editor’s note: This is a guest post by D. Salmons from TestFreaks – a site where you can find gizmos and gadgets like GPS devices.

Image: anee.baba

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